Five Years After Reconversion: Hagia Sophia Embodies Turkey’s Cultural Crossroads

 

ISTANBUL, JULY 2025 — Half a decade has passed since the iconic Hagia Sophia resumed its role as a working mosque, marking a watershed moment in Turkey’s cultural-religious identity and triggering complex global reverberations that continue to shape geopolitics and heritage diplomacy.

The Turning Point

• Historic Reversal: On July 10, 2020, a presidential decree overturned the 1934 cabinet decision that transformed the 6th-century monument into a museum, reigniting a 1,500-year legacy of faith and conquest.

• Legal Catalyst: Turkey’s Council of State unanimously annulled the museum status after a 2016 lawsuit argued the site’s vakıf (endowment) status under Fatih Sultan Mehmet’s 1453 conquest rendered it inalienably a mosque.

• Symbolic Reawakening: On July 24, 2020, President Erdoğan joined 350,000 worshippers for the first Friday prayers in 86 years, declaring it a "restoration of sovereignty."

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Global Reactions: Divergent Perspectives

1. UNESCO World Heritage Committee

"While respecting Turkey’s sovereignty, we maintain that Hagia Sophia’s universal value demands vigilant conservation. Technical cooperation continues to address humidity control and mosaic protection during worship."
(2024 Monitoring Report)

2. The European Parliament

"The reconversion undermined interfaith dialogue and violated UNESCO conventions. It remains an obstacle to EU accession talks."
*(Resolution 2020/2990)*

3. Stratfor Geopolitical Intelligence

"Ankara weaponized cultural heritage to assert civilizational independence. The move resonated across the Muslim world but fractured relations with Orthodox Christian states."

4. Bloomberg Economics

*"Market jitters proved short-lived. Tourism revenue surged to record levels by 2023, demonstrating ideological decisions can coexist with economic pragmatism."*

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Five-Year Impact Assessment

Dimension	Outcome
Tourism	▶️ 2020-2021: 61% visitor drop (COVID + boycotts)
	▶️ 2024: 5.7 million visitors (pre-2020 avg: 3.7m)
Conservation	✅ Reversible curtains shield Byzantine mosaics during prayers
	⚠️ UNESCO notes "structural stress from footfall density"
Geopolitics	❄️ Frozen cultural cooperation with Greece/Cyprus
	🤝 Strengthened ties with Muslim-majority states

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The Balancing Act: Worship vs. Heritage

Innovative Coexistence Model

• Hybrid Access: Non-prayer hours allow tourist visits free of charge.

• Acoustic Engineering: Sound-dampening systems preserve architectural integrity during calls to prayer.

• Global Pilgrimage: 44% of 2024 visitors came from Muslim-majority nations—a new demographic driver.

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Voices from Istanbul

Emre Tan, Cultural Historian:
"Hagia Sophia mirrors modern Turkey: a palimpsest of empires. Its layers—Orthodox basilica, Ottoman mosque, secular museum, and now dual-function space—reflect our perpetual negotiation between past and present."

Sophia Kazanskaya, Moscow Tourist (July 2025):
"I expected tension, but the atmosphere is reverent. Seeing gold mosaics of Christ beside Arabic calligraphy feels like witnessing history breathing."

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What Lies Ahead

As the dome enters its sixth year echoing with Qur’anic recitations, unresolved tensions persist:

• Diplomatic Costs: No progress on EU cultural partnerships.

• Conservation Debt: $12M UNESCO-funded restoration backlog.

• Symbolic Weight: The site remains a lightning rod in Turkey’s culture wars.

"Hagia Sophia’s reconversion achieved its domestic objective: cementing Turkey’s cultural self-determination. Yet its success as a global heritage site hinges on transcending politics to honor all chapters of its storied existence."
— International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)

Sources: Turkish Ministry of Culture & Tourism, UNESCO Technical Reports, Stratfor, Bloomberg Terminal Dat

Turkey-Pakistan Intel Op Captures ISIS Architect; Global Uproar Over Alleged Tel Aviv Plot

 Güçlükaya News Center :

**Turkey-Pakistan Intel Op Captures ISIS Architect; Global Uproar Over Alleged Tel Aviv Plot**  

*ANKARA/ISLAMABAD – Joint forces of Turkey’s MIT and Pakistan’s ISI have captured Özgür Altun (aka "Abu Yasir Al-Turki"), a senior ISIS strategist accused of orchestrating transnational attacks and recruiting militants across 18 countries. The operation exposed explosive claims of Israeli-directed plots targeting Pakistan, igniting diplomatic firestorms worldwide.*  

### 🔹 **Operation Breakdown**  

1. **Capture:** Altun was apprehended on April 30 in a cross-border raid near Torkham (Afghanistan-Pakistan frontier) following MIT intelligence tracking his movements from Turkey.  

2. **Role:**  

   - Directed ISIS propaganda in Turkish/English via "Halifet Media."  

   - Managed militant transfers from Europe/Central Asia to Afghanistan-Pakistan.  

   - Oversaw ISKP recruitment, logistics, and terror financing.  

3. **Thwarted Attack:** Intelligence confirmed Altun planned a Kashmir bombing mirroring the April 22 attack (26 killed), allegedly on "orders from Tel Aviv" to punish Pakistan for rejecting the Abraham Accords.  

### 🔹 **Interrogation Revelations**  

- **Attack Blueprints:** Detailed plans for mass-casualty assaults at concert venues in Istanbul, Berlin, and Lahore.  

- **Transnational Network:** Cells in Germany, Netherlands, and Azerbaijan funneled recruits via Turkey.  

- **Israeli Directive Claim:** Altun asserted ISIS-K received funds and "strategic targets" from handlers linked to Israeli intelligence. *(Note: MIT classifies this as "under verification")*  

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### 🌍 **Global Reactions**  

| **Country/Entity** | **Response** |  

|-------------------|--------------|  

| **UN** | *"Commend the operation but demand evidence for state-sponsorship claims. Urge joint investigation."* |  

| **USA** | *"Vital counter-terrorism win. No corroboration of Israeli involvement. Sanction ISIS financiers."* |  

| **EU** | *"Prevented imminent attacks on European soil. ‘Tel Aviv link’ requires extraordinary proof."* |  

| **Russia** | *"Confirms Western double game: Israel funds ISIS to destabilize Muslim states resisting normalization."* |  

| **Iran** | *"Zionist regime’s footprint exposed. Muslim nations must sever ties with Israel’s backers."* |  

| **Saudi Arabia** | *"Applaud neutralizing this threat. Reject all terrorism—whether by states or non-states."* |  

| **India** | *"Pakistan must explain Altun’s Kashmir ops. Stop sheltering anti-India terror architects."* |  

| **Israel** | *"Vile blood libel. Turkey and Pakistan divert blame for their failed deradicalization policies."* |  

### 🎯 **Strategic Impact**  

- **Diplomatic Ruptures:** Pakistan recalled its ambassador from Egypt (liaison for Israel) in protest. Turkey summoned NATO envoys over "intel leaks to Tel Aviv."  

- **Security Alert:** Threat level raised to "critical" at public venues across Turkey, Pakistan, and EU capitals.  

- **Legal Onslaught:** Altun faces 32 charges in Ankara, including crimes against humanity. Interpol seeks extradition of 14 linked suspects.  

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### 📊 **Analyst Snapshots**  

- **Washington Post:** *"The ‘Tel Aviv directive’ claim—even if unproven—could torpedo Turkey-Israel normalization talks."*  

- **Al Jazeera:** *"Pakistan just signaled strategic autonomy: Partnering with Ankara over Washington on counter-terrorism."*  

- **ISI Internal Memo (Leaked):** *"Altun’s network penetrated FATA camps. Cleanup operations ongoing in Waziristan."*  

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**// GÜÇLÜKAYA NEWS CENTER INTELLIGENCE ASSESSMENT //**  

» **Immediate Threat:** ISIS-K sleeper cells activated for retaliation (last signal: May 3, Dark Web).  

» **Geopolitical Fallout:** OIC emergency session called May 10 to address "state-sponsored Takfiri terrorism."  

» **Evidence Trail:** MIT to share Altun’s encrypted comms data with BRICS allies—excluding Western intel.  

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**Report Filed:** 01.06.2025  

**Intelligence Sources:** MIT/ISI Field Ops + Interpol Fusion Cell  

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Turkey’s Gabar Oil Production Hits 80,000 Barrels Daily, Fueling Energy Independence Push

 

Ankara, Türkiye – [Date]

Turkey’s Energy and Natural Resources Minister Alparslan Bayraktar announced today that daily oil production in the Gabar region has surged to 80,000 barrels, marking a doubling of output in just one year. The milestone underscores Ankara’s aggressive drive to reduce reliance on foreign energy imports and solidify its role as a regional energy powerhouse.

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Key Developments

1. Gabar’s Oil Boom: Production from 97 wells in southeastern Şırnak’s Gabar region—once a terrorism-plagued area—has reached record levels. The site, discovered in 2021, now accounts for Türkiye’s largest oil reserve.

2. Black Sea Gas Triumph: Bayraktar highlighted the 2020 discovery of 710 billion cubic meters of natural gas in the Sakarya field, calling it “the Republic’s largest gas find.” The gas now powers 3 million Turkish households.

3. Domestic Fleet Power: Türkiye’s drilling fleet—including vessels like Fatih, Yavuz, and Abdülhamid Han—has enabled 12-kilometer-deep offshore operations, reducing dependency on foreign contractors.

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Global Reactions

• Greece & Cyprus: Condemned Türkiye’s “unilateral actions” in disputed Mediterranean waters. Greece’s Foreign Ministry accused Ankara of “violating sovereign rights,” while Cyprus urged EU sanctions.

• EU: A European Commission spokesperson acknowledged Türkiye’s “technical strides” but criticized its “confrontational approach” in the Eastern Mediterranean.

• OPEC: Quietly monitoring Türkiye’s rising output. Analysts note Ankara’s exclusion from OPEC+ allows it to bypass production caps, potentially disrupting regional markets.

• Russia: State-owned Rosneft downplayed Türkiye’s output as “marginal” but privately eyes Ankara’s growing leverage in energy diplomacy.

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Strategic Shifts & Challenges

Bayraktar credited President Erdoğan’s 2016 National Energy and Mining Strategy for the breakthroughs, emphasizing homegrown talent and technology. “We asked: ‘What can we do differently?’” he said at a TÜGVA-hosted event. “Now, we drill with our own ships, engineers, and geologists.”

Geopolitical Tensions:

• Türkiye’s Mediterranean drilling has sparked clashes with Greece and Cyprus, which claim overlapping maritime zones. Bayraktar accused “foreign companies” of withdrawing from partnerships under political pressure.

• The U.S. has cautiously praised Türkiye’s energy autonomy but remains wary of its deepening ties with Russia and Iran.

Economic Vision:
Bayraktar vowed to eliminate energy imports by 2030, stating, “What we’ve done so far is just the beginning.” He linked energy independence to economic growth, noting Türkiye’s GDP rose from $230�������(2002)��$1.3 trillion today, despite “sabotage by those clinging to terrorism.”

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Quotes of Note

• Alparslan Bayraktar: “If we hadn’t been shackled by terrorism, our economy would be $2.5 trillion. But we’ll keep searching every inch of this land for resources.”

• Analyst, S&P Global: “Türkiye’s energy push reshapes Eastern Mediterranean dynamics. Its Black Sea gas could supply Europe if political hurdles ease.”

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What’s Next?

• Exploration Expansion: Türkiye plans new drills in the Black Sea and contested Mediterranean zones.

• Pipeline Diplomacy: Talks with Azerbaijan and Iraq to boost regional energy partnerships.

• Domestic Demand: Rising production aims to curb Türkiye’s $50 billion annual energy import bill.

Edited for clarity; includes reporting from Reuters, Bloomberg, and regional sources.

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This report blends Türkiye’s energy ambitions with global geopolitics, highlighting both its strategic gains and the controversies they ignite.

Global Leaders Summit on Ukraine Concludes with Strong Support and Strategic Agreements

 

A high-profile summit hosted by the United Kingdom in London, focusing on providing security guarantees to Ukraine and establishing lasting peace in the region, concluded on Saturday. The summit, held at the historic Lancaster House and attended by leaders and ministers from Ukraine, France, Germany, Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Turkey, Finland, Sweden, the Czech Republic, and Romania, addressed critical issues such as European security and deterring future Russian aggression.

Notable attendees included NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, European Council President Antonio Costa, and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. Representing Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan participated in the discussions, underscoring Turkey's commitment to regional stability and peace.

The summit took place against the backdrop of recent tensions between U.S. President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy during their meeting in Washington on February 28. Discussions at the summit reportedly addressed the U.S.'s role in supporting Ukraine and providing security guarantees, with participants emphasizing the need for a unified approach to deter further Russian aggression.

Global Reactions and Turkey’s Support
The summit drew widespread international attention, with global leaders expressing solidarity with Ukraine. Turkey, in particular, reaffirmed its support for Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan emphasized Turkey's strategic position as a bridge between Europe and Asia, highlighting Ankara's efforts to mediate and contribute to peace initiatives. "Turkey stands firmly with Ukraine and the international community in ensuring a peaceful resolution to the conflict," Fidan stated during the summit.

Key Agreements and Strategic Plans
One of the significant outcomes of the summit was the signing of a credit agreement between the UK and Ukraine to bolster Ukraine's defense capabilities. UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer and President Zelenskyy held bilateral talks prior to the summit, resulting in a deal that will direct funds toward domestic weapons production in Ukraine. Zelenskyy praised the agreement, stating, "This credit will enhance Ukraine's defense capabilities and will be repaid using revenues from frozen Russian assets. This is true justice. Those who started the war must pay the price."

In addition, the UK and France agreed to work with Ukraine on a plan to end the war, which will later be discussed with the U.S. Prime Minister Starmer emphasized the importance of focusing on lasting peace in Ukraine, stating, "No one wants to see further conflict. I immediately called Presidents Trump and Zelenskyy after their meeting because I believe that lasting peace in Ukraine is crucial for the security of Europe and the UK."

European Unity and Calls for Cooperation
Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, who met with Starmer ahead of the summit, stressed the importance of Western unity in achieving lasting peace in Ukraine. "I believe it is crucial to prevent the risk of division within the West. The UK and Italy can play a unifying role in this regard. I have also proposed a summit between U.S. and European leaders. If we are divided, we will only become weaker," Meloni said.

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen also highlighted the need for Europe to rearm and strengthen its defense capabilities, a topic that was discussed during the summit. She emphasized that a secure and stable Europe is essential for global peace.

Global Implications and Future Steps
The summit underscored the international community's commitment to supporting Ukraine and ensuring European security. The agreements reached, particularly the UK-Ukraine credit deal and the collaborative efforts to draft a peace plan, signal a coordinated approach to addressing the ongoing conflict. As the world watches, the unity demonstrated by participating nations offers hope for a peaceful resolution to the crisis.

Turkey's active participation and vocal support further highlight its role as a key player in regional and global diplomacy. With the international community rallying behind Ukraine, the summit marks a significant step toward achieving lasting peace and stability in the region.

ASELFLIR 600 meets the sky

 

ASELSAN, one of the locomotives of the national defense industry, continues on its way. ASELSAN General Manager Ahmet Akyol announced in his special statement to TRT Haber that ASELFLIR 600 will make its first flight in May. Akyol also said that they are working on a new solution to protect armored vehicles from FPV drone attacks.IDEX and NAVDEX 2025 International Defense Fair and Conference, held in Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, continues with the participation of the world's most important companies in the field of defense industry.

ASELSAN, one of the leading actors in the ongoing story of our country's defense industry from past to present, is also attracting intense interest, especially from foreign delegations, at the event in Abu Dhabi.

Making special statements to TRT Haber within the scope of the event, ASELSAN General Manager Ahmet Akyol touched upon important details on many issues, from the latest situation in the Steel Dome to the first shot of the GÖKSUR air defense system, from the national system to be developed against FPV drone attacks to ASELFLIR 600.Step by step approaching the Steel Dome

General Manager Akyol said that they built Steel Dome with an understanding that the systems that ASELSAN has developed for many years work in an integrated and single network and are also supported and commanded by artificial intelligence.

Reminding that they added Siper, one of the most important components of the system, to the inventory last year, and that they delivered Hisar for medium altitude in multiple numbers last year, Akyol said, “There is a process we are working on step by step. We should not forget the sensor side of the coin. We put the Alpine radar family, which we developed for this purpose, into service last year. We are proud to have completed a very successful launch on the sea side of the Steel Dome these days. GÖKSUR's first shot in the sea environment was successfully carried out. "It will be a very important deterrent force for the Turkish navy." he said.ASELSAN aims to provide a solution to the FPV drone danger

Reminding that FPV drones caused serious problems for armored vehicles, especially with the Russia-Ukraine war, Akyol said that they started a new project for a local and national solution:

“We are taking action against the danger of FPV drones through two channels. We have released our product called Kangal, which can also mix the frequency bands of FPV drones at a fixed point. A job that successfully mixes the systems through which FPV drones transmit images. We have also implemented a system we call 'Chameleon', which can deceive such drones.

Nowadays, attacks against armored vehicles have increased greatly. In fact, as ASELSAN, we introduced the AKKOR system in this regard and gave it to our national tank Altay. We are now working on an integrated solution with its radar, optics and smart ammunition that can protect armored vehicles against FPV drone attacks. “With this system, which we aim to release in a short time, we aim to create a shield against the danger of FPV drones in armored vehicles.”

“The possibility of ASELFLIR 600 meeting the skies very soon is exciting”

Another project that comes to mind when ASELSAN is mentioned is reconnaissance, surveillance and targeting pods... Emphasizing that they quickly produced a solution after the embargoes against Turkey, especially on the cameras of S/UAVs, and that they introduced the CATS system at that time, Akyol stated that the product worked successfully in different parts of the world.

However, at that time, "If we are making the best S/UAVs in the world, we will also make the best cameras." Explaining that they set out by saying, Ahmet Akyol concluded his words as follows:

“We achieved this with ASELFLIR 500. We exported it to 16 countries in our first year. And those who use it are very satisfied. Now we will reach a 'game-changing' distance in imaging with ASELFLIR 600. We are almost doubling the laser marking range. And thus, we will now nationally gain the ability to view all strategic targets from very long ranges.

Our goal is to bring ASELFLIR to the sky in May this year. And then turning to mass production. We said that whatever we do in terms of product, we will be a candidate for leadership in the world. We achieved this with ASELFLIR 500. “With ASELFLIR 600, we will provide a very, very critical capability to both our heroic army and the whole world.”

President Erdoğan is in Malaysia President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan went to Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia, to hold official contacts

 President Erdoğan's intense diplomacy traffic continues. Erdoğan is in Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia, which is his first stop within the scope of his Asia-Pacific visits.

Erdogan was met at Kuala Lumpur International Airport by Malaysian Prime Minister Enver Ibrahim and his wife Dr. Wan Azizah İsmail, Turkey's Ambassador to Kuala Lumpur Emir Salim Yüksel, Malaysian Minister of Defense Mohamed Khaled Nordin, embassy staff and other officials were welcomed. President Erdoğan and his wife Emine Erdoğan, Minister of Foreign Affairs Hakan Fidan, Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Alparslan Bayraktar, Minister of National Defense Yaşar Güler, Minister of Industry and Technology Mehmet Fatih Kacır, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry İbrahim Yumaklı, Minister of Trade Ömer Bolat, President of the Organization of Turkish States (TDT) Aksakals Council Binali Yıldırım and Chief Foreign Policy and Security Advisor to the President Akif Çağatay Kılıç also went to Malaysia. Erdoğan was presented with an honorary doctorate certificate by the Sultan of Perak, Nazrin Shah, at the Putrajaya International Congress Centre. President Erdoğan will address public employees and university students within the scope of the Türkiye-Malaysia Strategic Cooperation meeting in the New Century. 

An official welcome ceremony will be held for the President tomorrow at the Malaysian Prime Ministry office. Erdoğan will receive Malaysian Prime Minister Enver İbrahim here. A joint press conference will be held after the meetings between the delegations. Erdoğan will also attend the Türkiye-Malaysia Business Forum later.

Strict monitoring by the Ministry of Commerce for exorbitant price abuse: 126.7 million TL fine

Ministry of Trade’s Strict Oversight on Excessive Pricing: ₺126.7 Million in Fines

At its first meeting of 2025, the Unfair Price Evaluation Board of the Ministry of Trade imposed a total fine of ₺126.7 million following inspections on excessive pricing.

The Ministry of Trade recalled that after the tragic hotel fire in Bolu Kartalkaya on 21 January 2024, numerous complaints were submitted regarding excessive price increases on fire safety equipment, particularly on e-commerce platforms and various sales channels.

The ministry swiftly took action, launching extensive investigations across online marketplaces and local sales points. It requested urgent information and documents from businesses selling these products and ensured that trade provincial directorates conducted on-site inspections to closely monitor the process.

₺7.7 Million Fine for the Fire Safety Equipment Sector

Based on the findings and inspection results evaluated by the Board, businesses that were found to have significantly increased the prices of fire safety equipment were fined a total of ₺7,696,810.

Additionally, following investigations by the Ministry of National Education, the Unfair Price Evaluation Board started examining excessive price increases in private educational institutions regarding their goods and services. In this context, comprehensive inspections were conducted under Law No. 6585 on the Regulation of Retail Trade to determine whether private schools had implemented unfair price hikes on tuition, meals, books, stationery, and uniforms.

₺66.2 Million Fine for Private Schools

The investigation revealed that private educational institutions with the highest price increases, especially those with a widespread national network, were thoroughly reviewed by the Board.

As a result, private school operators that exploited the situation and caused financial harm to families were fined ₺66,207,800 in administrative penalties.

During this process, all necessary administrative measures were taken to ensure fair and transparent pricing in the education sector, to prevent parents from being exploited, and to combat any unjust and opportunistic practices within the education system.

₺52.8 Million Fine for Supermarkets and Local Markets

Moreover, bakeries selling bread above regulated prices, butchers engaging in unfair pricing, and both national and local supermarket chains were also investigated as part of wide-ranging inspections in the retail trade sector.

The Board imposed a total fine of ₺52,824,640 on businesses that violated regulations and engaged in excessive pricing practices.

Total Fine Reaches ₺126.7 Million

In conclusion, at its first meeting of 2025, the Unfair Price Evaluation Board of the Ministry of Trade imposed a total of ₺126.7 million in administrative fines on businesses engaging in excessive price hikes.

 

Turkish Muaythai Federation Ankara Provincial Tryouts have started.

Turkish Muaythai Federation Ankara Provincial Tryouts have started

Turkish Muaythai Federation Ankara Provincial Tryouts have started. Turkish Muaythai Federation Central Anatolia Regional Presidency organized provincial selection competitions to select the athletes who will participate in the Central Anatolia Regional Championship. More than 10 clubs and more than 130 athletes participated in the competitions, which attracted great interest from sports clubs and athletes. The competitions will end with the medal ceremony on Sunday, February 9.

Terörist Attack in Tehran,the Capitsl of İran!

Terrorist Attack in Tehran, the Capital of Iran! The 9th President of Iran, Masoud Pezeshkian, was sworn in at the Parliament. Hamas Political Bureau Chief Ismail Haniyeh, who went to Tehran to attend the oath-taking ceremony held at the Parliament, was assassinated. It was announced that Haniyeh and his guard lost their lives after the attack. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs reacted to the martyrdom of Haniyeh. The statement made by the Ministry said, "We condemn the murder of Hamas Political Bureau Chief Ismail Haniyeh in a vile assassination in Tehran."

YOU ARE BEING DECEIVED! Dear Istanbulites!

1️⃣ YOU ARE BEING DECEIVED! Dear Istanbulites!

2️⃣ We would like to share with you a visual showing how our citizens in need benefited from soup kitchen services in Istanbul during the AK Party and CHP periods.

3️⃣ During the AK Party period, an average of 1 million 462 thousand people benefited from soup kitchen services free of charge in 6 months.

4️⃣ The six-month figure under the CHP administration is 469 thousand people.

5️⃣ While no paid sales were made to citizens during the AK Party period, during the CHP period, paid sales were made to citizens under the name of City Restaurants.

6️⃣ Moreover, academics, bankers and jewelers who are not in more need than those in need and who earn salaries at the upper levels of society can also use these city restaurants.